Do Indoor Pollutants and Thermal Conditions in Schools Influence Student Performance? A Critical Review of the Literature

This review article assesses how indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in schools—specifically air pollutants and thermal conditions—affects student performance and attendance. By analyzing scientific studies, the authors identify strong evidence linking high indoor nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) levels to reduced school attendance and suggestive evidence that low ventilation rates can hinder academic performance. Additionally, poor IEQ—such as inadequate ventilation, excess moisture, and exposure to other pollutants like formaldehyde—is commonly found in schools and has well-documented negative health effects on both children and adults. These health impacts, in turn, can lead to lower attendance and hinder learning outcomes. The findings highlight the need for better air quality management in schools to support student well-being and academic success.