The Impact of the Design of Learning Spaces on Attention and Memory from a Neuroarchitectural Approach: A Systematic Review

This article systematically reviews research on how learning environment design neurologically impacts memory and attention, crucial for effective learning. It identifies key environmental factors – form, space, color, texture, dimensions, transitions, and sensory elements – with direct cognitive effects. This provides evidence-based indicators for architects and educators to intentionally design spaces optimizing cognitive engagement, information retention, and focused attention, moving beyond purely aesthetic or functional considerations. Understanding these neurophysiological influences allows for the creation of learning spaces that actively support cognitive processes. The review highlights specific examples, such as the potential benefits of square or cylindrical concrete spaces for learning. It also underscores the need for rigorous, interdisciplinary research and standardized protocols in this field, encouraging collaboration between neuroscience, psychology, and architecture. Ultimately, this review offers a foundational understanding of critical environmental factors for designing learning environments that actively enhance cognitive performance.