Access to High-Quality School Facilities Varies Across and Within Districts. Advocates and Policymakers Can Help Close Gaps

This article synthesizes research on school facilities and advocates for a more equitable distribution of funds to improve them. Research has found that high-quality school facilities boost academic outcomes, attendance, enrollment, and housing values. Yet, underinvestment persists; over half of U.S. school districts need to update major systems like HVAC in many of their buildings. However, school districts in low-wealth areas have a harder time generating capital funds than those in high-wealth areas. These disparities are rooted in racist housing policies that limited investment, leading to unequal development. Federal investments such as the American Rescue Plan and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law have supported facility improvements; however, changes in presidential administrations may lead to reduced federal oversight and funding. Practitioners and advocates must push states to equitably distribute funds, mobilize community support for funding initiatives, and challenge inequitable state policies.

Authors: Megan Gallagher, Alex Kort